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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or similar hack exists, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the documents that you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, some goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each one of these products to have a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the merchandise gathered here support AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption go expert, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make a digital signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.